UpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology and Hypertension, Neurology, … JJJ reports grants and personal fees from Valeant, personal fees from ALAB Laboratoria and Amgen, and non-financial support from Microlife and Servier, outside the submitted work. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015. KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust [ Grant Number 201900 ] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. VLF and TL finalised all drafts and approved the final version of the manuscript. EN, VLF, and TV analysed the data and edited the first draft and final versions of the manuscript. Obtain different resources on our solutions for delivering infusions in our Infusion Resource Library. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor Award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. - Services of other specialists like microbiologist, hematologist, radiologist, and cardiologist and should be available on call. MMSM acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (contract no 175087). EF is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265 ) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and Ministério da Educação e Ciência) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013 . M. Peerapur, Principal, KLES Institute of Nursing Sciences, Hubli 1 2. A Message from the Chair Stephanie D. Davis, MD. When started in pregnancy, dolutegravir-containing regimens had superior virological efficacy at delivery compared with the efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimen. Please note: An erratum has been published for this article.To view the erratum, please click here.. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. Since Questcare began delivering medical services in 1996, it has grown into a multi-specialty practice encompassing 750 providers in more than 50 facilities in multiple states. CC reports personal fees from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Takeda, and UCB, outside the submitted work. Post-acute care use and hospital readmission after sepsis. Although HLH is well described in the pediatric population, less is known about the appropriate work-up and treatment in adults. Gail A. Bolan, MD 1. Published by Elsevier Ltd. These estimates are close to those reported in GBD 2015 estimates on the global burden of neurological disorders. 3, Hagerstown, MD 21742; phone 800-638-3030; fax 301-223-2400. Chan School of Public Health (Prof T W Bärnighausen MD), Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care (Prof A Sheikh MD), Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Prof B T Baune PhD); Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India (Prof N Bedi MD); Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (Prof N Bedi MD); Social Determinants of Health Research Center (M Behzadifar PhD), Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran (M Behzadifar MSc); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (Prof Y Béjot PhD); Dijon Stroke Registry – UFR Sciences Santé, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France (Prof Y Béjot PhD); Public Health Department (B Bekele MPH, H Y Hassen MPH), Pharmacy Department (A T Kefale MSc), Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia (A Henok MPH); Nuffield Department of Population Health (D A Bennett PhD, B Lacey DPhil), Department of Psychiatry (Prof C R J Newton MD), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Internal Medicine (I M Bensenor PhD, Prof I S Santos PhD), University Hospital, Internal Medicine Department (A C Goulart PhD), Department of Medicine (Prof P A Lotufo DrPH), Department of Psychiatry (G V Polanczyk MD, Y Wang PhD), Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine (M R Tovani-Palone MSc), Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research (A C Goulart PhD), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Public Health (A Berhane PhD, K Deribe PhD, M Y Gidey MSc), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (O S Muhammed MSc), Public Health (E M Roro MPH), School of Allied Health Sciences (E Yisma MPH), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (G T Demoz MSc); Emergency Hospital of Bucharest (Prof M Beuran PhD, I Negoi PhD), Anatomy and Embryology Department (R I Negoi PhD), Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India (K Bhattacharyya MSc); Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health (Prof Z A Bhutta PhD), Human Development Programme (B Fatima DrPH), Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Social Determinants of Health Research Center (A Bijani PhD), Health Research Institute (M Ghasemi-Kasman PhD), Department of Pharmacology (M Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani PhD), Department of Immunology (M Mohammadnia-Afrouzi PhD), Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (A Rostami PhD, P Sabbagh PhD), Student Research Committee (M Zamani MD), Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia (N Bililign BHlthSci); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Ramna, Bangladesh (M Bin Sayeed MSPS); Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (C K Blazes MD); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Prof C Brayne MD); School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Z A Butt PhD, Prof N Sarrafzadegan MD); Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (Z A Butt PhD); Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research (V De la Cruz-Góngora PhD), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (I R Campos-Nonato PhD); Department of Neurology, Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico (Prof C Cantu-Brito PhD); Ministry of Health, Zagreb, Croatia (M Car PhD); Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico (Prof R Cárdenas DSc); Institute of Public Health (Prof F Carvalho PhD), UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Prof V M Costa PharmD), REQUIMTE/LAQV (Prof E Fernandes PhD, Prof D M Pereira PhD), UCIBIO (J P Silva PhD), Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (Prof F Carvalho PhD), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Colombian National Health Observatory (C A Castañeda-Orjuela MD), National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia (C M Rios González MEd); Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group (C A Castañeda-Orjuela MD), Department of Public Health (Prof F P De La Hoz PhD), National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia; Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment (F Castro MD), Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama (I Moreno Velásquez PhD); Department of Health Planning and Economics, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F Catalá-López PhD); School of Public Health (Prof E Cerin PhD), Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (Prof P Yip PhD), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y Chaiah, Prof Z A Memish MD, M Temsah MD, O Temsah); College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (J Chang PhD); 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Haidari, Greece (I Chatziralli PhD); Clinical Governance, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia (P P Chiang PhD); Institute of Clinical Medicine and Bispebjerg Hospital (Prof H Christensen DMSci), Department of Neurology (T C Truelsen PhD), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pulmonary Medicine (Prof D J Christopher MD), Department of Neurology (Prof J D Pandian MD), Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (Prof C Cooper MEd), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Prof C Cooper MEd); School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy (P A Cortesi PhD, A Lafranconi MD, Prof L G Mantovani DSc); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health (Prof M H Criqui MD), Department of Psychiatry (M B Stein MD), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (Prof A A M Damasceno PhD); Toxoplasmosis Research Center (Prof A Daryani PhD, S Sarvi PhD), Department of Neurology (N Karimi MD), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M Mohammadi PhD), Health Sciences Research Center (M Moosazadeh PhD), Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (Prof A Rafiei PhD), Department of Pediatrics (M Rezai MD), Immunogenetics Research Center (N Karimi MD), Department of Immunology (Prof A Rafiei PhD), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (M Nourollahpour Shiadeh PhD, Z Zare PhD); Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia (Prof D De Leo DSc); Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK (K Deribe PhD); Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (S D Dharmaratne MD); Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Prof D Diaz PhD); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico (Prof D Diaz PhD); Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (M T Dinberu MA); Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran (S Djalalinia PhD); Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana (D T Doku PhD); Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland (D T Doku PhD); United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India (M Dubey PhD); Faculty of Medicine (E Dubljanin PhD), Centre School of Public Health and Health Management (Prof M M Santric Milicevic PhD), Faculty of Medicine Institute of Epidemiology (I S Vujcic PhD), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Health Sciences (E Duken MSc), Department of Public Health (E M Roro MPH), Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (Prof D Edvardsson PhD); Department of Neurology, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Prof M Endres MD); Public Health Department, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (A Y Endries MPH); Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil (Prof A Faro PhD); Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (S Fereshtehnejad PhD); Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA (I Filip MD); Department of Health Sciences (I Filip MD), A T Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA (A Radfar MD); Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany (F Fischer PhD); Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (WIA), Philadelphia, PA, USA (T Fukumoto PhD); Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (T Fukumoto PhD); Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco (F G Gankpe MD); Non Communicable Disease Department, Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health, Porto Novo, Benin (F G Gankpe MD); Faculty of Business and Management (M A Garcia-Gordillo PhD), Institute of Physical Activity and Health (Prof P R Olivares PhD), Autonomous University of Chile, Talca, Chile; School of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia (B K Gelaw MSc); Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands (Prof J M Geleijnse PhD); Research, Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (M Y Gidey MSc); Unit of Academic Primary Care (Prof P S Gill DM), Division of Health Sciences (O A Uthman PhD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Adelaide Medical School (T K Gill PhD), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (A T Olagunju MD); Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia (E V Gnedovskaya PhD, Prof M A Piradov DSc); School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA (A Grada MD); Registro Tumori Integrato, Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital Polyclinic, Catania, Italy (G Grosso PhD); Commissioner of Public Health, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, USA (Prof R Gupta MD); Department of Health Policy, Management & Leadership, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA (Prof R Gupta MD); Academics and Research, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India (Prof R Gupta MD); Department of Preventive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India (Prof R Gupta MD); Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J A Haagsma PhD, S Polinder MA); Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (Arv Haj-Mirzaian MD, S N Irvani MD), Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center (S Safi PhD), Ophthalmic Research Center (M Yaseri PhD, S Safi PhD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Radiology (Ary Haj-Mirzaian MD), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (K Vosoughi MD), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain (Prof R R Hamadeh DPhil); School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Prof S Hamidi DrPH); School of Medicine (Prof G J Hankey MD), Lions Eye Institute (Prof R M Lucas PhD), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Neurology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Prof G J Hankey MD); Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (Prof Y Hao PhD), Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology (Y Liao PhD, Prof Y Hao PhD), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain (Prof J M Haro MD, A Koyanagi MD); Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Prof J M Haro MD); 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Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China (Prof J B Jonas MD); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (J J Jozwiak PhD), Department of Family Medicine and Public Health (J J Jozwiak PhD), University of Opole, Opole, Poland; Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (M Jürisson PhD); Public Health, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, India (Y Kalkonde MD); School of Public Health, Department of Health Informatics and Health Innovation (T Kamil MSc), ACS Medical College and Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Prof Z Zaidi DrPH); Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (T Kanchan MD), Department of Psychiatry (Prof R Sagar MD), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Epidemiology (M Karami PhD), Biostatistics (N Mohammad Gholi Mezerji MSc), Health (Prof R Mohammadibakhsh PhD), Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center (M Shamsizadeh MSc), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany (A Karch MD); School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Z Y Kassa MSc); School of Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA (Prof A Kaul MD); Health Care Delivery Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA (Prof A Kaul MD); ODeL Campus (Prof P N Keiyoro PhD), Department of Psychiatry (M Kumar PhD), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan (Prof Y S Khader PhD); Department of Public Health (M A Khafaie PhD), Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center (F Rahim PhD), Department of Neurosurgery (H Safari MD), Medical Physics Department (A Yadollahpour PhD), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan (E A Khan MPH); Institute of Health Policy and Management (Prof Y Khang MD), Department of Health Policy and Management (Prof Y Khang MD), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (A A Kiadaliri PhD), Department of Clinical Sciences (Prof B Norrving PhD), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Research Department, Kenya Revenue Authority, Nairobi, Kenya (D N Kiirithio MSc); Research and Data Solutions, Synotech Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya (D N Kiirithio MSc); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (A S Kim MD); Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA (Prof D Kim DrPH); Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea (Y Kim PhD); School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia (Y Kim PhD); Department of Health Management and Health Economics (Prof A Kisa PhD), Institute of Health and Society (A S Winkler PhD), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA (Prof A Kisa PhD); Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (Prof Y Kokubo PhD); Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Prof B Kuate Defo PhD), Department of Demography (Prof B Kuate Defo PhD), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey (B Kucuk Bicer BEP); Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (B Kucuk Bicer BEP); Department of Psychology, University College London, London, UK (M Kumar PhD); NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK (B Lacey DPhil); Helpmesee, New York, NY, USA (Prof V C Lansingh PhD); International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico (Prof V C Lansingh PhD); Department of Public Health (A Latifi PhD), Managerial Epidemiology Research Center (S Safiri PhD), Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran; Department of Public Health (C T Leshargie MPH), Department of Nursing (F S Wagnew MSc), Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines (Y Liao PhD); 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College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (A Melese MSc); Department of Public Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA (P T N Memiah DrPH); Research Department Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Prof Z A Memish MD); Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru (W Mendoza MD); School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (G Mengistu MSc); Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia (G Mengistu MSc); Neurocenter (A Meretoja MD), Breast Surgery Unit (T J Meretoja MD), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (T J Meretoja MD); Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia (T Mestrovic PhD); University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia (T Mestrovic PhD); Department of Hypertension (Prof T Miazgowski MD), Emergency Department (B Miazgowski MD), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (B Miazgowski MD); 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Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy (L Monasta DSc, L Ronfani PhD); Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (S Mondello MD); Department of Neurology, Oasi Research Institute, Troina, Italy (S Mondello MD); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G Moradi PhD), Social Determinants of Health Research Center (G Moradi PhD), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P Moraga PhD); School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences (W Muruet MSc), School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences (Prof C D A Wolfe MD), King's College London, London, UK; School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia (K Musa PhD); Pediatrics Department, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan (Prof G Mustafa MD); Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan (Prof G Mustafa MD); Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany (Prof G Nagel PhD); Initiative for Non Communicable Diseases (A Naheed PhD), Maternal and Child Health Division (S Zaman MPH), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology (G Naik MPH, J A Singh MD), Department of Psychology (D C Schwebel PhD), Department of Medicine (J A Singh MD), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA (A R Sawant MD); Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India (V Nangia MD); Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania (R I Negoi PhD); Neurosciences, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya (Prof C R J Newton MD); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya (J W Ngunjiri DrPH); Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam (C T Nguyen MPH); Public Health Science Department, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia (D N A Ningrum MPH); Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan (D N A Ningrum MPH); Department of Medicine (J Noubiap MD), Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health (Prof D J Stein MD), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia (F A Ogbo PhD); Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea (I Oh PhD); Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria (A T Olagunju MD); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Mcmaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (T O Olagunju MD); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria (Prof O E Onwujekwe PhD); Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA (Prof E Oren PhD); Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India (Prof M P A DNB); Department of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran (Prof A H Pakpour PhD); 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Askok & Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India (V Prakash PhD); Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran (M Qorbani PhD); Medichem, Barcelona, Spain (A Radfar MD); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan (A Rafay MS); Research and Evaluation Division, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M Rahman PhD); Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies (M Rahman PhD), Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies (Prof U Ram PhD), International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Department of Neurology, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand (A Ranta PhD); University College London Hospitals, London, UK (D L Rawaf MD); Public Health England, London, UK (Prof S Rawaf PhD); Department of Preventive Medicine and Occupational Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA (C Reis MD); School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia (Prof A M N Renzaho PhD); Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Prof S Resnikoff MD); Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France (Prof S Resnikoff MD); Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando De La Mora, Paraguay (C M Rios González M Ed); Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil (L Roever PhD); Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran (G Roshandel PhD); School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia (Prof P S Sachdev MD); Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia (Prof P S Sachdev MD); Medical Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (B Saddik PhD); Internal Medicine Servcies, Ballarat Health Service, Ballarat, VIC, Australia (R Sahathevan PhD); Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center (A Sahebkar PhD), Biotechnology Research Center (A Sahebkar PhD), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Health and Policy Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada (Prof P Salamati MD); Research Deputy, Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran (S Salehi Zahabi PhD); Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (A M Samy PhD); Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA (Prof J Sanabria MD); Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA (Prof J Sanabria MD); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (Prof N Sarrafzadegan MD); Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (B Sathian PhD); Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK (B Sathian PhD); UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India (M Satpathy PhD); Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India (M Satpathy PhD); Dr. D.Y. 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